Instrumentation
In music, instrumentation refers to the particular combination of musical instruments employed in a composition, and to the properties of those instruments individually. Instrumentation is sometimes used as a synonym for orchestration , which more properly refers to an orchestra's, composer's or arranger's craft of employing instruments in varying combinations.
Tempo
is the speed of the beat, the basic pace of the music.
Dynamics
Degrees of loudness or softness in music are called dynamics our second property of sound
Rhythm
Is the flow of music through time.
Melody
A melody is a series of single sequence of tones, pitches which adds up to a recognizable whole.
Texture
How different voices and musical instuments are combined.
Harmony
Harmony refers to the way chords are constructed and how they follow each other.
Key
A group of notes upon which scale is based; the specific pattern of notes that are played throughout a song.
Structure
A song is made up of the following:
Introduction - The introduction is a unique section that comes at the beginning of the piece. It usually builds up suspense for the listener so when the downbeat drops in, it creates a release or surprise
Verse - In popular music a verse roughly corresponds with a poetic stanza. When two or more sections of the song have basically identical music and different lyrics each section is considered one verse
Pre chorus - A pre chorus links the verse and chorus together, usually at this point a new instrument is involved and a new harmonic pattern occours.
Chorus - The element of the song that repeats at least once both musically and lyrically. Chorus plays a main part in a song as it's usually what grabs the audiences attention immediately, if it's catchy people will remember it more.
Bridge - In songwriting, a bridge is an interlude that connects two parts of a song, and which creates a harmonic connection between those parts. The bridge usually differs from the verse and the chorus in its harmonic structure (chord progression) and lyrics.
Middle eight - Middle eight refers to the section of a song which has a significantly different melody from the rest of the song.
Collision -
A collision is a section of music where different parts overlap one another, usually for a short period. It is mostly used in fast-paced music, and it is designed to create tension and drama.
Ad lib - A section of a song (usually in the coda or outro) where the main lead vocal or a second lead vocal breaks away from the already established lyric and/or melody to add melodic interest and intensity to the end of the song.
